Hydroelectric power is a widely-used technology for producing renewable and clean energy through water. However, the implementation of hydroelectric power plants has numerous environmental impacts, including water availability. In this article, we will discuss how hydroelectric power impacts the availability of clean water.
The Process of Hydroelectric Power Generation
The process of hydroelectric power generation involves the use of dams to store and regulate water flow. The water is then released from a higher altitude through turbines, generating electricity. The most popular source of water for hydroelectric power plants is rivers and lakes. The water used to create energy is returned to its natural course after production.
Positive Impacts of Hydroelectric Power on Water Availability
On the positive side, hydroelectric power generation contributes to preserving water supplies in different ways:
1. Flood Control
Hydroelectric power plants play a crucial role in controlling water flow during flooding. Dams can store excess water and regulate its release, preventing floods from occurring downstream.
2. Water Storage
Hydroelectric power plants can be used to store water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use during periods of drought. It is a way to ensure that water is available for different uses when it is scarce.
3. Recreational Activities
Apart from generating energy, hydroelectric dams create an environment for recreational activities such as fishing, boating, and water rafting.
Negative Impacts of Hydroelectric Power on Water Availability
Despite its advantages, hydroelectric power has a few negative impacts on water availability. The various ways in which hydroelectric power affects the water supply are as follows:
1. Disrupting Aquatic Ecosystems
Hydroelectric power plants alter the natural flow of water, affecting aquatic ecosystems such as fish and plant life. The interruption and sudden changes in water flow and temperature can lead to the death of some species of aquatic life.
2. Reduced Water Availability Downstream
Hydroelectric power plants lower the water flow downstream, affecting the quality and quantity of water available. This reduction in water flow can also lead to the loss of fertile soil in farmlands as farmland irrigation systems depend on water flow from rivers to function.
3. Inducing Droughts
Dams used for hydroelectric power generation can trap sediments, reducing the storage capacity of a river or lake. As a result, the downstream water flow reduces, causing the land near the river to become parched and inducing drought. In certain situations, hydroelectric dams have accelerated the process leading to the development of deserts.
The Conclusion
In conclusion, hydroelectric power offers excellent advantages like clean and renewable energy, flood control, and water storage. But, we need to address its environmental impacts- disrupting aquatic ecosystems, reducing downstream water quality and quantity, and inducing drought. Therefore, before implementing hydroelectric power generation, policymakers must consider the long-term environmental impacts on water availability and the natural surroundings.