Hydropower is one of the most established renewable energy sources and has been in use for decades. It is a clean and environmentally friendly way of generating electricity. However, like any other energy-producing technology, hydropower plants have their health impacts on the public.
In this article, we will highlight the major impacts of hydropower on public health, including water quality, air quality, and biodiversity.
Water Quality
Hydropower plants need significant amounts of water to generate electricity. Unfortunately, altering water sources and levels can lead to negative impacts on water quality. Changes in water depth, flow rate, temperature, and sediment distribution can damage aquatic habitats.
One key impact on water health can be a result of sediment buildup behind dams which can accumulate toxins such as lead, mercury, and other heavy metals. These impurities can contaminate the water in the dams, reducing its quality, and negatively impacting community health.
Moreover, changes in the water temperature and flow rate can also threaten fish populations, particularly if the river’s flow is impeded, thus making it difficult for the fish to migrate. When this occurs, fish may become trapped and die, significantly reducing populations of fish species.
Air Quality
Hydropower plants are not entirely pollution free. They have the potential to affect air quality if environmental precautions are not taken. When vegetation and trees are removed from the area surrounding the hydropower plant, soil erosion can occur. If not controlled, this can lead to the release of dust, which in turn, can affect air quality.
Moreover, hydropower facilities often make use of diesel-powered machinery to dig the foundation for the dam. Diesel engines emit air pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide, which can contribute to the accumulation of smog and respiratory problems.
Biodiversity
Dams and hydropower plants are notorious for their negative impact on aquatic ecosystems’ biodiversity. Changes in the direction, temperature and speed of the water can stun or displace fish and other aquatic life. This can lead to a decrease in the number of fish species in downstream rivers and streams, and in turn, impact dependent predators such as eagles, bears and seals.
The loss of biodiversity can also impact the plants and animal species that live in the area surrounding the plant. Changes in the water levels on a river over time can lead to flooding and erosion of land which can further impact the biodiversity in the region, thus making the area less habitable to plant and animal life.
Conclusion
Hydropower plants are a viable solution to produce clean and sustainable energy. However, the impact of dams and hydropower facilities on public health should not be ignored. Careful planning, environmental monitoring, and adequate regulation must be put in place to minimize their impact on public health, while at the same time meeting the country’s growing energy needs.